Can We Trust Reproductive Health Advice on Social Media?

How much can we really trust the reproductive health advice we see online? Former Youth Advisor Muminah Koleoso explores the myths, misinformation and mixed messages surrounding periods, hormones, cycle-syncing, diet and contraception. As well as sharing practical tips for finding reliable health information on social media.

Two cut-out image of young people holding their phones and looking at their screens, positioned together on a bright green background. Text reads: Can We Trust Reproductive Health Advice on Social Media?

“I didn't realise it before, but being bombarded by conflicting information from various sources has greatly impacted my understanding of reproductive health, particularly concerning menstrual cycles, periods, hormones, and more.”

As I've progressed into adulthood and spent more time online, I've been inclined to seek out information, guidance, and health advice, much of which came from social media. And over time, this content trained the algorithm to push me more of it. I didn't realise it before, but being bombarded by conflicting information from various sources has greatly impacted my understanding of reproductive health, particularly concerning menstrual cycles, periods, hormones, and more.

Since puberty, my understanding of the menstrual cycle was limited to two modes: period or no period. Sadly, I'm not alone in this misconception, as many of us weren't taught about the menstrual cycle in much depth. The truth is, it’s much more complex as each stage of the cycle has its own varying effects as hormone levels change and impact our physical and emotional well-being, including body weight, mood, and productivity. My awareness of related topics was similarly limited, but I gained knowledge via the internet and social media, which filled in the gaps.

About 30% of young adults have accessed health information on social platforms, such as Instagram and TikTok, between 2023 and 2024, according to one study. On one hand, this widespread availability of information about reproductive health online can help overcome issues such as period stigma and empower young people to find beneficial and educational content.

On the other hand, there’s a significant amount of misinformation and fear-mongering through misleading narratives and exaggerated risks, making it difficult to navigate and discern trustworthy sources. This is especially prevalent with the rise of influencer marketing and the establishment of parasocial relationships with public figures and influencers, as they often build their platforms on trust within their online communities. This has led many young people to highly value their opinions on various topics, including reproductive health, sometimes even in place of advice from registered professionals. Unfortunately, this gives rise to widespread myths and misconceptions that can negatively impact young people's health. The following are some of the most common myths I’ve encountered.

Balancing hormones  

Hormones naturally fluctuate, influenced by multiple factors like sleep, menstruation, and stress. Rather than aiming to keep hormones at a fixed “balanced” level, the goal should be to maintain healthy hormonal functioning without significant issues. The main hormones people think of when discussing "balancing" are estrogen and progesterone, but others like cortisol (often referred to as the stress hormone), thyroid hormones (which control metabolism), insulin (which regulates blood sugar), and melatonin (which controls sleep) also play significant roles.

Cycle-syncing

This phrase refers to changing habits, including what we eat, how we exercise, and work, amongst other things, depending on the different stages in our menstrual cycle: follicular, ovulation, luteal, and menstrual. The idea is to adjust our routines to accommodate our fluctuating hormones, and it's a method that many swear by, citing beneficial results, such as reduced cramps, improved productivity, and better sleep.

However, the anecdotal experiences of cycle-syncing that we often encounter online can be misleading and may create unrealistic expectations. While some individuals find it helpful, others may experience it as restrictive or even ineffective. Following the advice of a digital creator on cycle-syncing might actually contradict a person's natural routines and negatively impact their well-being.

Effect of diet on the menstrual cycle

What we eat does affect all our bodily functions, but some online sources claim that certain foods can "cure" inflammation, hormonal imbalances, or bloating, and even prevent cramps. They often recommend specific diets, supplements, or products, touting their benefits. While there are helpful eating habits, like consuming foods rich in iron during your period, it's not always that straightforward, especially for people with specific health conditions.

Nutrition advice can easily veer into dangerous territory, perpetuating toxic "diet culture," or "thinspo", which can negatively impact young people's self-perceptions and body image. Ultimately, it's all about consuming a balanced and varied diet in a way that works for you; things don't need to be overly complicated.

Birth control myths

Do the phrases "birth control causes infertility", and "don't take the pill if you want to avoid gaining weight",sound familiar? There's a lot of misinformation out there, often lacking in context and nuance. Many of these claims aren't based on scientific evidence, but rather a handful of anecdotes and personal experiences, which shouldn't be taken as universal advice.

The truth is that different types of birth control affect people in different ways, and they each have their own unique set of side effects. It's not a straightforward matter of what to use or not use. Consulting a medical professional can be helpful in choosing the best type of contraception for you, rather than simply relying on advice we see online.

Tips for navigating health information on social media

1. Check the source: Ensure the information comes from a legitimate and trustworthy source, e.g. NHS website and Patient Info.

2. Check for bias: Especially on social media. Be wary if someone recommends a product or service, as they may exaggerate results or be paid to sell something to you. E.g influencers can make false claims to promote fake supplements and give unscientific advice for marketing purposes.

3. Seek professional help: Consult a medical professional like your local GP for accurate information and support.

Takeaway  

Social media and the internet can be great sources of information for sexual and reproductive health. However, it's always best to err on the side of caution, consult a medical professional, and listen to your body. Everyone is unique, and a lot can vary in our experiences, reactions, and symptoms etc, so it's important to avoid comparison with others and stay in tune with what's normal for you.